pAIrmatic Lessons

Transformations

Grade 8Geometry
GeometryAngles and PolygonsTriangle FormulasPythagorean Theorem and Special Right TrianglesSimilar FiguresArea of Quadrilaterals and PolygonsCirclesVolume and Surface AreaTransformations

Translation

Slide by (a, b)
(x,y)→(x+a,y+b)

Reflections

Across the x-axis
(x,y)→(x,−y)
Across the y-axis
(x,y)→(−x,y)
Across y = x
(x,y)→(y,x)
Across y = −x
(x,y)→(−y,−x)

Rotations about the origin, counterclockwise

90° (same as 270° clockwise)
(x,y)→(−y,x)
180°
(x,y)→(−x,−y)
270° (same as 90° clockwise)
(x,y)→(y,−x)

Dilation

Scale factor k, center at the origin
(x,y)→(kx,ky)

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